The Polish alphabetical order is subject to the diacritical marks that always change the pronunciation.

The Vowels are: "a", "ą ", "e", "ę ",  "i", "o", "ó ", "u" and "y".

"a" is always pronounced like the English "a" in "abbey"
"ą" always follows it.  It has the sound of the French "on", ex. "Onde" 

"e" is always pronounced like in the English verbs "to get" "to set" 
"ę " always follows "e"; it is pronounced like the French "in"; ex.  "Inde" 

"i" always sounds similarly to English "ea" in "meat" or to "ee" in "to meet" but shorter 
All by itself it means "and", but never the first person, the English "I"

"o" is always pronounced like in the English "body", "from"
"ó" follows all the "o" and sounds like the French "ou" in "ouvrir"

"u" is always pronounced in the same way like the "ó". The writing by "ó" or "u" depends           on rules of orthography. But the "u" follows always the "ó".

"y" is always pronounced like in the English "ship", except in rare names written by the old orthography, like the family name "Zamoyski" in which it has the sound like in "York"

The consonants:  "c" is pronounced similar to the English "ts" in "tsar"
"ć" is a form of softened "c" and always follows it (after all "cz")

"g" sounds like in the English word "guest", and  "h" like in the English word "hot"
 "j" sounds like in the English "y" in "yard" and "k" like in the English "kangaroo" . 
 "ł" (barred "l") sounds always like the English "w" in "word" and always follows the regular "l".  Names starting with that barred "l" come as a group after all the names in "l"
 "ń" is a softened "n" and always follows the regular "n"; always in the very numerous family names ending in "nski", like in the family name "Babiński "
 "ś" is a form of softened "s" and always follows it, even the names starting in "Sz". 

"w" is always pronounced like the English "v" (not used in Polish);  "q" does not exist in           Polish. Its sound is represented by "k" like in "quack", "quick", "quote"
"x" also is not used at all. Its sound is represented by "ks", like in "xerography"

"z" (if not preceded by "r" or "s") is always pronounced like in the English "Zambia"
"ź" is a form of softened "z" and always precedes "ż"
"ż" sounds similarly to "g" like in "George".  The order of the three: "z", " ź", "ż"

"ch" sounds like "h", (according to orthography rules) follows the "c" just before the "ci";  "cz" is pronounced like the English "ch" in "church". The "sz" like the English "sh" in "shade", the "rz" is pronounced like "ż". The use of  "rz" or "ż" is ruled by orthography.  In fact it is very simple.