| TABORSKI-POPOWSKI, Hanna
see POPOWSKI, Stanislaw, Dr. & M. parents?
TADRA, Jan TADRA, Ewa, wife TANSKI, Regina Regina had 17 years when she had to take care alone of several Jewish persons sheltered by her parents, who were absent earning a living. She was honored on Dec. 15, 1999 as stated the Israeli Embassy in Poland. TARABULA, Leonia
TARASEWICZ. Waclaw (1913-1989)
scientist
The Tarasewicz couple lived in Warsaw. They harbored in their home a 5 years old girl, Ludwika, daughter of Dr. Stein and his wife Anna. The Jewish couple was in the ghetto, but succeeded in getting their daughter out of the ghetto to the "Aryan" side. The Tarasewiczes got false documents for her, presenting her as Halina's daughter from a previous marriage. But they were so harassed by blackmailers that they had to move several times. After the Warsaw Uprising Waclaw was sent to a POW camp and Halina with Ludwika hid in the Kielce area where her parents lived. Towards the end of 1945 Ludwika's aunt took her to France and then both went to Brazil. There, Ludwika directs a children hospital. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TARASIEWICZ, Hieronim (not
related)
TARNOGORSKI, Wincenty
The Tarnogorski family, with seven children, farmed in the village of Mala Slusza, Kamien-Kaszyrska district. On Nov. 1942, Abraham Biber (17) escaped from the ghetto of this town and came to the Tarnogorskis for shelter. They knew his family from before the war. They took him in until he established with their help in April 1943 a contact with a partisan unit, which he joined. After the war he went to Israel and in 1985 he read a note in a Polish paper and contacted his saviors. See: Grynberg. op. cit. TARNOWSKI, Maria Janina Janina Tarnowski, a primary school teacher, sheltered in her apartment Mr. Birkam from Tarnow, as a supposed cousin. The entire village knew it and kept silent. Birkam lives now in Israel. See: Wronski & Zwolakowa, op. cit. * TATOMIR, Jan (1894-1943)
The Tatomirs lived at Jaroslawice, Tarnopol prov. with their seven children. They hid on their farm the following six (6) Jewish persons: Elza Redner-Berensztajn and her son Henio (4) whom Jan brought from the Buczacz ghetto. Further Liba Mandel and her son Kuba (18) who had been hiding in a forest, Antonina Kalafer and Nella Buchsbajewa. Both had been in a forced labor camp at Jagielnica, near Czortkow. In July 1943 the Germans liquidated the camp and murdered the inmates. Jan, who was a bricklayer by profession, built a proper hideout for all of them and all survived with the exception of Jan whom the Germans murdered in 1943. The Russian front approached and the population had to be evacuated, which meant death sentence for the Jews. So Janina, not knowing German, went to the unit stationed there and tried to explain them that she, her mother and her sister are very expert in peeling potatoes, so that they should not be evacuated. The next day she received a permit allowing them to stay for their work in the kitchen. The mother and the two elder daughters peeled potatoes working their fingers to the bone, but they remained. Nella Buchsbbajewa in 1961 declared that all of them owe their life to the Tatomirs, who did not spare efforts, to keep all of them alive. Jan Tatomir was awaraded posthumously the medal Righteous Among Nations and was mentioned here previously in the list of Those Who Paid With Their Lives. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TAWLET, Maria
Joanna lived at Choszczowka, near Warsaw. In the spring of 1943 she met a Jewish woman, Elzbieta B. who asked her to get her uncle, Herman Osterweil and his 6-year old son, Jerzyk, out of the ghetto. Joanna traveled several times to Tarnow and first brought to Warsaw the boy and later his father. Each time she had to get for them new false documents. She placed the boy with her friends, the Kaminskis, at Brwinow, near Warsaw and Herman at the Karpinskis in Bielany (a suburb of Warsaw.). She often brought Jerzyk to see his father. During one of these visits, the child witnessed his father's death, shot by blackmailers. Joanna placed the child elswhere. Jerzy, now Josif Osterweil, who lived in Israel, and later in the USA, came twice to visit Joanna, but he did not find the other people. In March 1989 Elzbieta B. wrote that there was never any talk about payment for all this trouble and risk. Although she was very poor, she accepted only reluctantly the costs of the several travels. Elzbieta B. described in glowing terms the disinterestedness and devotion of Joanna Tecko and the other peoople who similarly helped them but have not been recognized. See Grynberg, op. cit. TENDERA, Franciszek and
TEGI, Stanislaw (1908-1984)
The Tegis lived in Koscian, Poznan prov. and had a shoe store there. Stanislaw was in the Polish Army in 1939, was taken prisoner, but escaped and returned home. Soon he went to Warsaw where he had relatives and where his wife and children joined him. In Warsaw he opened a shop with leather goods. In 1943 Jerzy Pfeiffer, who escaped from the death camp in Majdanek, came to him. Stanislaw provided him with clothing, shoes and money and often hid him in his store. Pfeiffer in his letter to Yad Vashem wrote that Stanislaw found for him a loan of US$ 1,000 that enabled him to hide for a year at Mrs. Zelichowski. See Greenberg, op. cit. TIC, Zofia
TKACZYK, Jozef (1923-)
Jozef Tkaczyk, a lieutenant of the AK, and his wife Zofia harbored a young Jewish woman, Ada Kurc and her mother. Ada Kurc had been a secretary of prince Sapieha, on his estate in Silesia. She had already false documents under another name. As Tkaczyk at that time worked in a restaurant called Salina, he brought meals for both fugitives from there. Ada got a job in the Austrian Holzinger auto parts company. One day, walking on the street with a Polish colleague, Stefania Wilczek, she was arrested as a Jewess. At the Gestapo quarters, in order to find out if she is Polish and Catholic, as both women affirmed, the policemen made her recite Catholic prayers. She knew them well, fortunately, and this saved her. This was quite a common occurrence and only shows how important it was for the Jews to know the religion of the surrounding Polish population. After two days she was free and could resume her work. Ada's mother did not leave the house at all. Ada had family, sisters and brothers also hidden in Warsaw, but for security reasons did not maintain any contacts with them. After the war both women settled in Switzerland. See: Bednarczyk, "Zycie Codzienne." op. cit. TKOCZ, Jozef (1904-1975)
The cople lived in Wodzislaw Slaski. The Germans started to evacuate the inmates of Auschwitz in the middle of 1944, first by train, and later driving them on foot. On Jan. 20, 1945 three women knocked on the door of the Tkoczes and asked to be taken inside. They had escaped from the column of the people driven towards Germany. They told the owners that they were Jewish and their names were Erna Brzegowski from Bedzin, Genia Klapholtz from Cracow and Jadwiga Schilit also from Bedzin. The Tkoczes kept them till the coming of the Russians, i.e. till April 5, 1945. Maria Tkocz wrote that she did it to save their lives. She did not feel right to refuse help to persons who avoided death in Auschwitz. After the war the women moved to the USA and to Israel. They maintained very close contacts with their saviors. See: Grynberg, op. cit. in which he quotes their loving letters to them. TLATKA, Irena
* TOKARZ, Jakub (1896-1942) Tokarz lived with his wife and six children at Biedaczow, near Lezajsk. In 1942 some people escaped from the massacre of Jews in nearby Zolynia and came to Jakub for shelter. They were the four persons from the Hersz Mejloch Ruemler family. He hid them in the barn. A neighbor informed the police that Jakub was harboring Jews. The gendarmes took the Jews and shot them and they murdered Jakub in the cemetery of Lezajsk. Jakub Tokarz was awarded posthumously with the medal Righteous Among the Nations and as such was mentioned here previously in the List of "Those Who Paid with Their Lives." See: Grynberg, op. cit. TOLWINSKI, Stanislaw
TOLLOCZKO-KOPCINSKI-WYGANOWSKI, Halina (not related) Roman and Ewelina Winter declared at the Polish consulate in Montreal already on Nov. 8, 1947, the following: "During the German occupation, from Aug. 10, 1942 till May 1944 we were hidden in the apartment of Mrs. Helena Kopcinska of Tolloczko, at 62 Filtrowa Str., app. 63 in Warsaw". And they continue: ".She did it on an honorary basis, not counting on our gratitude in moments particularly threatening and tragic she kept up our mood and when we were in a most difficult financial position she protected us in a special way. We can repeat our statement any moment under oath." The statement above came to the knowledge of this researcher only in 1990. The documents of Halina Kopcinski, born Tolloczko, later Wyganowski and Roman Winter's mother to her are in possession of this author. Yad Vashem recognized Halina Kopcinski-Wyganowski as "Righteous Among the Nations" by letter dated Jan 23, 1997. Case No. 7283, started in 1990. TOMANEK, Maria
TOMASZEWSKI, Stanislaw (not
related)
TOSZA, Wincenty
The Toszas and their son Tadeusz harbored a Jewish man, Stanislaw H. A professor and the janitor Wojnarowski took also part in his saving. Stanislaw H. made his deposition under oath to Yad Vashem in 1988. The couple was awarded the medal "Righteous among the Nations" by the letter dated Oct. 1, 1991. Case No. 5011. It was started in 1986. TOWARNICKI-GERSON, Emilia
Maria
TRANOWSKI, Wilhelm Wilhelm lived at Kopyczynce, Tarnopol prov. During the occupation he hid, besides his own wife of Jewish descent, four Jewish families, i.e. fourteen (14) Jews and that in spite of pressures from his family to stop doing it. All survived. The majority of them settled in the USA. He himself went to Israel. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TRAWINSKI, Jozef
TROJANOWSKI, Andrzej, Dr. (1905-1964) surgeon and researcher This doctor was active in the Coordinating Committee of Democratic and Socialist Doctors, established in 1940 in Warsaw. It counted in its ranks many prominent representatives of the medical profession. Dr. Trojanowski performed with great personal risk and free of charge, operations that removed Jews' Semitic features and traces of ca. 50 circumcisions. These operations had to be done in the places where the patients lived and under the most primitive conditions. See: Bartoszewski & Lewin, op. cit., Grynberg, op. cit. TROJANOWSKI, Jan (1870-1950)
Jan had a shoe store in their flat in Warsaw. It consisted of two rooms with a kitchen, and had two entrances. They took into their apartment Jakub Wilner and his wife. For moments of particular danger there was a niche concealed by a wardrobe. Before that, the Wilners stayed with Miria Jiruski (q.v.) to whom they came thanks to Barbara. Both Wilners took part in the occupations of the owners. Gustawa, Wilners; daughter, wrote in her memoirs that this worthy family merits the highest respect and recognition. Their son, Arie Wilner, was the head of the Jewish resistance. He represented the ZOB (Jewish Fighting Organization) on the "Aryan" side. He committed suicide on May 8, 1943 in the bunker on Mila 18. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TROJANOWSKI, Stanislaw Stanislaw was the principal of a school in Warsaw and after the "liberation" by the Soviets the vice-minister for Education in the Polish People's Republic. He hid part of the archives of the Jewish National Committee in the cellar of the school. See Bartoszewski & Lewin, op. cit. TROSZCZYNSKI-GORSKI, Helena
see GORSKI, Stanislaw & Anna, parents?
TRYBUS, Justyna Danuta
(not related)
TRZCINSKI, Stanislawa
(not related)
TRZEBUCHOWSKI, Ladyslawa
(-1974)
Ladyslawa and Waclawa lived before the war in Chodecz, near Wloclawek. During the occupation they lived in Warsaw. Alicja Reicher, their acquaintance, had escaped deportation from Chodecz to the Lodz ghetto and came over to them. Waclawa bought her a false birth certificate with her own money. After the Warsaw Uprising they found themselves in the Pruszkow camp, from where they were sent to work in Germany. Alicja presented herself as the second daughter of Ladyslawa. Now Alicja lives in Brazil. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TRZECIAK, Wincenty
TURCZYNSKI, Boleslaw (1897-)
The Turczynskis lived in Brwinow near Warsaw. Boleslaw was a musician. Helena worked as a nurse in a military hospital. At the beginning of 1941 the Wajsblat family came to them for shelter: the mother with her daughter -in-law and the latter's two sons, Jerzy (15) and Adam (11). They remained for six months. Later Helena found them a safer place in the country, with her relatives Eulalia and Waclaw Bursa. After a year, the Wajsblats returned and lived with the Wezowczyk family, but continued to be under the care of the Turczynskis. The grandmother and Adam survived. Jerzy died in 1943 and the daughter-in-law after the "liberation". Other Jews also benefited from the Turczynskis' help: Anna Minc, a dentist from Suwalki, who remained with them for two years, Bela Montrol, a microbiologist, and her 12 years old daughter, also for two years. Later Helena placed the last two with Tadeusz and Janina Sitarz, from where they returned to the Turczynskis. The Turczynskis saved also other Jews: Helena and Bronislawa Gothelf with her sons, Jerzy and Jozef, Jadwiga, Krystyna and Piotr Godecki. There were dramatic moments with the blackmailers, police searches, etc. but all survived. Adam Drozdowicz, brother-in-law of Anna Minc, now a professor in Rio de Janeiro, brought people over to hide to the Turczynskis. He wrote that the entire Turczynski family took part in saving of all those people. Thanks to their prudence and self-control they succeeded to hide them in time and protect them from denunciation. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TUSKIEWICZ, (TURKIEWICZ?) Michalina TUTAK, Antoni Anjtoni Tutak from Czajkow Poludniowy, Tarnobrzeg prov. was one of ca. 50 Poles who helped the following Jews in Czajkow and vicinity: Elias and Regina F., Maurice F., Aleksander E., Szymon R., Lola W., Meir B., Rina N. S. Just like the others, Antoni sheltered them, fed them, cared for them and thus saved them. Yad Vashem recognized him as "Righteous among the Nations". The letter announcing this is dated Sept. 5, 1996, Case No. 6510B. His cause was started in 1987. TWARDOWSKI-HEUCHERT, Maria
TWARDZICKI, Zofia (another
one, not related)
TYMOFICZUK, Stanislaw (1923-) During the occupation Stanislaw resided in Lvov. He had one room with a kitchen, in a wooden house without sanitation. A Jewish family lived in the other part of the house. When this family had to move to the ghetto, Stanislaw took over their apartment. According to some sources, Germans deported 65,000 Jews from Lvov to Belzec. They shot 5,000 in the city. Other Jews were murdered in the Ukrainian nationalists' pogroms. In January 1943 the Germans burnt several thousand Jews alive in a synagogue. Katzman, the commander of the SS and of the police, issued a decree that whoever harbored or fed a Jew would be put to death. In January 1943 a colleague of Stanislaw, Stefan Hupalowski, asked him to hide two brothers, who escaped from the ghetto and avoided the massacres, Jozef and Zygmunt Herschder. Stanislaw agreed. The brothers asked him to harbor also their friend, who then was in the Janowski camp, the lawyer Henryk Baustein. In June 1943 Stefan Hupalowski returned with the request to save the Lichter couple. All the weight of hiding, feeding and protecting five people fell on young Stanislaw's shoulders. Under the floor in the cellar he built a bunker to which they descended in moments of particular danger. In his deposition to the ZIH (Jewish Historical Institute) Stanislaw wrote that a Jewish couple, which escaped from the ghetto hid in the nearby building with 10 tenants. Germans with dogs and Ukrainians surrounded the building. The Jews defended themselves. So the Germans set the building on fire. The "Aktion", in which our house was also included, lasted six hours. But Stanislaw's charges survived. The Lichters stated in October 1966: "Stanislaw Tymoficzuk was our benefactor. He saved our lives and the lives of three other Jews. He was so noble and so generous. He and his family should be blessed. We have to pass it from generation to generation, in order that the memory of such merits would not be forgotten". Dr. Cvi Baustein wrote that Tymoficzuk did it totally disinterestedly; he cared for them as if he were their father, provided them with food. "I owe my life only and exclusively to Tymoficzuk . a brave, heroic man of the noblest qualities and feelings of a human being". Stanislaw belongs to a very small group of Poles recognized by Yad Vashem as "Righteous Among the Nations" who at such a young age, - he was then 20 - took his decisions all alone and saved lives from certain death. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TYMPALSKI, Michalina Krystyna TYRCZ, Sebastian
The Tyrcz family lived near the town of Zborow in southeastern Poland (now in Ukraine). They hid nine (9) Jews from April 1943 to September 1944. Leon Kronisch, a rich grain merchant, contacted his friend Sebastjan, a sharecropper about hiding his family. When the Germans liquidated the Zborow ghetto, Sebastjan helped to smuggle out of it first the Jewish girls, dressing them as Polish peasants. Soon the others joined them. Sebastian with the help of his wife, two sons and daughter-in-law, arranged a hideout atop their grain silo. The Tyrczes brought them every day soup, bread and milk. The hidden persons passed their time in reading Polish books and papers, in which food was wrapped. A neighbor heard noises and accused Tyrczes of hiding Jews. Then the Tyrczes moved their charges to a pit that served for potatoes. It was so small that when one turned all had to turn. The Kronisches went on to settle in Canada and helped Stefan and his sister-in-law, Apolonia, to come also to Canada, to Niagara-on-the- Lake, as the others were not living anymore. In 1990 four of the rescued persons petitioned Yad Vashem to recognize the family as "Righteous Among the Nations". In Sept. 1992 Stefan and Apolonia were honored in Toronto, in the presence of three of their rescuees, at the Israeli Consulate. The emotional ceremony was presided by Joel Dimitry, chairman of the Canadian Society for Yad Vashem and Dror Zeigerman, the Consul-General of Israel. Asked why they did it, Stefan Tyrcz answered: "We were good friends. We understood the danger, but we did it anyway". Apolonia added: "If you didn't live through it you can't believe it". This comes from an article by Ron Csillag, in the Canadian Jewish News, Sept. 17, 1992, p. 30. The photograph shows Apolonia and Stefan Tyrcz, flanked by Joel Dimitry on the left and the Consul Dror Zeigerman on the right. A shorter article by Stasia Ewasuk was published also on the subject in "The Toronto Star" on Sept. 10, 1992. TYRYLLO, Grzegorz (1893-1947)
The Tyryllos lived in Vilna in a house that bordered on the ghetto. Towards the end of 1943, Jan, then 13, found a group of Jews hiding in the loft of his building. He knew some of them. Shortly before that the Germans had found a bigger group of Jews in the cellar of the same building and took them off. Jan suggested to them to move from the loft to the cellar, reasoning that the Germans will not search that cellar again. Six of the Jews moved to the cellar and survived. Among them, were Rebeka Feldman, her sister Sara and a girl Lena. Those who remained in the loft were discovered by the Germans and killed. See: Grynberg, op. cit. TYZ, Grzegorz
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